Backyard Chicken Laws in Montana: What You Need to Know Before You Start a Flock

Montana’s open spaces and agricultural roots make it a great place to raise backyard chickens. Whether you’re in Bozeman, Missoula, or a rural community, raising hens offers fresh eggs, self-reliance, and a connection to the land. But even in Big Sky Country, you’ll need to navigate local ordinances before setting up your coop.

This guide breaks down everything you need to know about backyard chicken laws in Montana—from zoning restrictions and city-specific rules to coop requirements and permit guidelines—so you can raise chickens legally and responsibly.

Are Backyard Chickens Legal in Montana?

Yes, backyard chickens are legal in most areas of Montana. However, chicken-keeping laws are governed locally, not statewide. Each city, town, or county determines its own rules around flock size, coop placement, noise, and whether permits are required.

While rural and agricultural areas often allow poultry with few restrictions, cities and towns like Bozeman or Billings may require permits and impose strict rules on the number of chickens or where the coop can be located.

Common Chicken Regulations in Montana

Though rules vary by municipality, here are some of the most common chicken-related regulations across Montana:

• No roosters: Most cities prohibit roosters to prevent noise complaints.
• Flock size limits: Commonly 4 to 6 hens in residential areas.
• Permits: Many cities require a permit or registration for backyard chickens.
• Setbacks: Coops typically must be 10 to 50 feet away from neighboring homes or property lines.
• Cleanliness standards: Coops must be well-maintained to prevent odors and pests.

To avoid legal trouble, always check your local laws before buying birds or building a coop.

City-by-City Chicken Laws in Montana

Here’s a comparison of chicken laws in several of Montana’s most populated cities:

City	Hens Allowed	Roosters	Permit Required
Bozeman	Up to 6 hens	Not allowed	Yes
Missoula	Up to 6 hens	Not allowed	Yes
Billings	Up to 6 hens	No	Yes
Helena	Up to 5 hens	Not allowed	Yes
Great Falls	Allowed in some zones	No	Yes

Even within one city, restrictions may vary by zoning district, so it’s important to check exactly what’s allowed on your specific property.

How to Legally Keep Chickens in Montana

Follow these steps to make sure your backyard flock complies with Montana’s local laws:

1. Check Your Local Zoning Code

Your city or county’s zoning office can tell you whether chickens are allowed on your property. You’ll also want to confirm if there are restrictions on coop placement, bird numbers, or fencing.

2. Apply for a Permit if Required

Most Montana cities that allow backyard chickens require a permit or license. You may need to submit:

• An application form
• A site plan showing your coop location
• A permit fee (often $25–$50)
• Proof of neighbor notification (in some cities)

Without a permit, you may face fines or be asked to remove your chickens.

3. Build a Compliant Chicken Coop

Your chicken coop must be secure, sanitary, and positioned correctly on your property. Most cities have coop setback requirements and sanitation standards. You’ll also need adequate space per bird.

Use the Chicken Coop Calculator to plan the perfect setup. It helps you determine how much space you need, how to position the coop for legal compliance, and how to design it for your backyard layout and climate.

4. Maintain Cleanliness and Quiet

Even if chickens are legal, neighbor complaints about smell or noise can lead to inspections or violations. Keep your coop clean, free of odor, and well-secured to prevent chickens from escaping or attracting pests.

5. Be a Good Neighbor

Let your neighbors know about your plans. Share some eggs, explain your setup, and be open to questions. This can help avoid complaints and build a supportive community around your hobby.

Do You Need a Permit to Keep Chickens in Montana?

Yes, most Montana cities require a permit to keep chickens in residential zones. Permits often involve a small fee, a drawing or description of your coop, and a limit on how many hens you can keep.

For example:

• Bozeman: Requires a permit for up to 6 hens; coop must meet setback rules.
• Missoula: Allows chickens with a permit and inspection.
• Billings: Requires approval from code enforcement and a permit.

Always apply for your permit before bringing home your birds.

Chicken Coop Requirements in Montana

Montana’s cities usually have clear requirements for chicken coops to ensure cleanliness, animal safety, and neighborhood peace. Here’s what most cities require:

• Minimum space: 2–3 square feet per hen inside the coop; 8–10 square feet per bird in the run
• Setbacks: Coops must be 10–50 feet away from property lines or other homes
• Enclosures: Secure fencing to prevent chickens from escaping and to deter predators
• Drainage: Coops should be placed on elevated or well-drained ground
• Ventilation: Must have airflow to prevent odor and moisture buildup

Want to simplify your coop planning? Use the Chicken Coop Calculator for a custom setup based on your flock size, yard dimensions, and Montana’s climate needs.

Can You Sell Eggs from Backyard Chickens in Montana?

Yes, you can sell eggs from backyard chickens in Montana, but there are rules:

• Direct sales: Allowed if you sell to friends, neighbors, or at small local events.
• Labeling: Cartons must include your name, address, and the term “ungraded.”
• Storage: Eggs must be stored at 45°F or cooler.

For larger operations or farmers markets, you may need licensing through the Montana Department of Livestock or your local health department.

What Happens If You Violate Chicken Laws in Montana?

Violating local chicken ordinances can lead to:

• Fines or citations
• Revocation of your permit
• Forced removal of your coop or birds

Most cities offer a warning or compliance window before enforcing penalties. Still, it’s better to plan ahead. Using tools like the Chicken Coop Calculator helps you avoid costly mistakes and legal trouble.

Conclusion

Raising backyard chickens in Montana is a rewarding and legal way to live more sustainably—but you must follow your local laws. Whether you’re in Missoula, Bozeman, or Billings, every city has its own ordinances, permits, and coop requirements. Start smart by checking your zoning, applying for a permit, and building a compliant coop.

Need help planning your coop? Visit ChickenCoopCalculator.com to design a legal, comfortable, and efficient coop for your Montana backyard flock.