Maryland Chicken Laws: A Practical Guide

Raising backyard chickens in Maryland has gained popularity over the years—not just for fresh eggs, but also for sustainable living and family enjoyment. But before you dive into coop plans and chicken breeds, there’s one critical step: understanding the legal rules that govern backyard poultry in Maryland.

In this detailed guide, you’ll learn what Maryland law says about keeping chickens, how local ordinances work, what restrictions might apply, and how to stay compliant.

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Can You Legally Raise Chickens in Maryland?

Yes, Maryland allows residents to raise chickens, but the exact rules vary by city, county, and zoning classification. There is no blanket state law banning chickens, but local governments—and sometimes HOAs—can set specific regulations.

That means your ability to raise chickens depends heavily on where you live in the state. Urban and suburban areas tend to have more restrictions, while rural zones are generally more lenient.

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Maryland State Laws on Backyard Chickens

Maryland state law doesn’t outright regulate small-scale backyard chicken ownership. Instead, it sets general agricultural and public health guidelines.

Here’s what state-level laws typically address:

Takeaway: Maryland lets local governments decide the fine print—so city and county ordinances are where you need to focus.

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Local Chicken Ordinances in Maryland

Chicken laws vary widely across Maryland municipalities. Below are examples from major areas:

Baltimore City, MD

• Allowed: Yes

• Number of Hens: Up to 4 without a permit

• Roosters: Prohibited

• Permit Required: Yes if you want more than 4

• Coop Requirements: Must be 15 feet from neighboring dwellings and kept clean

• Additional Notes: Permit includes inspection and neighbor notification

Montgomery County, MD

• Allowed: Yes, with zoning restrictions

• Number of Hens: Up to 8 in R-90 or R-200 zones (most suburban)

• Roosters: Not allowed

• Permit Required: Yes, including site plan and approval

• Setback Rules: Coop must be 5 feet from property line and 25 feet from any neighboring house

Prince George’s County, MD

• Allowed: Yes, with restrictions based on lot size

• Number of Hens: Up to 5 on less than half an acre

• Roosters: Not allowed in residential zones

• Permit Required: Yes

• Additional Requirements: Coop must meet health and safety standards

Frederick County, MD

• Allowed: Yes

• Number of Hens: No specific limit in rural zones; 6 in residential areas

• Roosters: Allowed in agricultural zones only

• Permit Required: Often not required in agricultural zones

• Coop Rules: Must be kept sanitary and secure

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Do You Need a Permit to Keep Chickens in Maryland?

It depends on where you live and how many chickens you plan to keep.

Here’s a general breakdown:

• Urban/Suburban Areas: Often require permits, especially for more than 4-6 hens

• Rural Areas: Usually no permit needed, especially in agricultural zones

• HOA-Governed Neighborhoods: May prohibit chickens regardless of county or city laws

Most permits involve:

• Submitting a coop location plan

• Ensuring proper setbacks

• Paying a small annual fee (usually $25–$50)

• Receiving an inspection by animal control or zoning enforcement

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Are Roosters Allowed in Maryland?

In most Maryland residential zones, roosters are not allowed due to noise complaints and zoning restrictions.

They are generally permitted in:

• Agricultural zones

• Rural properties with sufficient land

• Commercial poultry operations

Roosters are often the first point of conflict between neighbors in suburban areas, which is why cities usually prohibit them.

Pro tip: If you live in a residential neighborhood, stick to hens only.

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Zoning Rules and Backyard Chickens in Maryland

Zoning codes are the most important factor in determining if and how you can keep chickens. Maryland classifies land into:

• Residential

• Agricultural

• Commercial

• Mixed-use

If your land is zoned residential:

• Expect tighter rules on the number of birds

• Coops often must be placed a certain distance from property lines or buildings

• You may need permits and inspections

If your land is zoned agricultural:

• You’ll likely have fewer restrictions

• Roosters may be allowed

• You might be able to sell eggs and poultry with the proper registration

To check your zoning classification, visit your county’s zoning department website or call their planning office.

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Can You Sell Eggs from Backyard Chickens in Maryland?

Yes, but selling eggs in Maryland is regulated by the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Health.

Here’s what you need to know:

• For personal use (sharing with neighbors or family): No license required

• For selling at markets or stores: You must be licensed as an egg distributor

• Labeling Requirements: Eggs must be labeled with your name, address, and packing date

• Storage Rules: Eggs must be stored below 45°F once collected

If you plan to sell eggs regularly, it’s best to contact the Maryland Department of Agriculture – Egg Inspection Program for full compliance guidance.

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HOA Rules vs. County Ordinances

Even if your county allows chickens, your HOA might not.

Homeowners associations in Maryland can enforce stricter rules than the county or city. Common HOA rules include:

• Prohibiting all livestock, including poultry

• Requiring pre-approval for any outdoor structures

• Enforcing fines or legal action for violations

Before starting a flock, review your HOA’s CC&Rs (Covenants, Conditions, and Restrictions). Violating them can be costly and stressful—even if local law is on your side.

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Best Practices for Keeping Chickens Legally in Maryland

Whether you’re in the city or out in the countryside, these practices will help you stay compliant and avoid trouble:

1. Know Your Local Rules

• Call your county’s zoning office

• Look up chicken ordinances online

• Ask for clarification if anything’s unclear

2. Get a Permit If Required

• Especially in Baltimore, Montgomery, and PG County

• Submit site plans and meet setback requirements

3. Avoid Roosters Unless Zoned Rural

• Even if they’re legal, they often lead to neighbor complaints

• Hens are quiet and productive—roosters are loud and risky

4. Build a Secure, Clean Coop

• Prevents pests, odor, and complaints

• Make sure it’s weatherproof and well-ventilated

5. Talk to Your Neighbors

• Giving them a heads-up goes a long way

• Offering eggs can help build good will

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Maryland Chicken Laws FAQ

Can I have chickens in my Maryland backyard?
Yes, but it depends on your local zoning laws. Most cities and counties allow chickens with some restrictions.

Do I need a permit to keep hens in Maryland?
In many counties, yes—especially if you want more than 4–6 hens or live in a residential zone.

Are roosters allowed in Maryland?
Usually not in residential zones. Roosters are more commonly allowed in rural or agricultural areas.

Can I sell eggs from my chickens?
Yes, but you may need a license and must follow Maryland’s egg safety regulations if selling to the public.

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Conclusion

Maryland is a chicken-friendly state, but the rules are as diverse as its counties. Whether you’re in a Baltimore row home or a rural property in Frederick County, the key to success is knowing your local ordinances, keeping things clean and quiet, and being a good neighbor.

Before you bring home your first hen, take a few minutes to check your zoning, permits, and any HOA rules. That extra step could save you from fines—and help you enjoy your backyard flock stress-free.